Medicinal Herbs to Spice Up Your Horse's Diet
Herbal medicine has been used for horses for centuries, with records of plant remedies in ancient Chinese, Arabic, and European veterinary texts. From Roman warhorses treated with medicinal herbs to botanical concoctions given to cavalry mounts in the American Civil War, horse caretakers have long turned to nature’s pharmacy. Today, modern research is beginning to validate many traditional practices, and horse owners are rediscovering herbs as gentle, natural supplements to support health. In this article, we will discuss the top herbs for natural horse care and well‑being. We’ll explore how specific herbs can benefit equine digestion, reduce inflammation, calm anxiety, and even improve hoof and coat condition.
Always consult an equine veterinarian or herbal specialist when introducing herbs, and use high-quality sources. Note that some herbs can test positive in competition screenings, so always check regulatory guidelines.
Nutritional Powerhouses
A healthy digestive system is crucial for horses to get the most out of their feed and avoid issues like colic or ulcers. Certain herbs can soothe the gut, improve appetite, and aid nutrient absorption. Chamomile, dandelion, thyme, and oregano are particularly valued for supporting equine digestion.
Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) – Often considered a weed, dandelion is actually a powerhouse of nutrients and a time-honored digestive tonic. The leaves are rich in potassium, magnesium, calcium, and vitamins A, B, C, D , making this herb a natural electrolyte balancer and mineral supplement. Dandelion is a gentle diuretic and liver stimulant, earning it a reputation as a “spring tonic” that flushes toxins and supports metabolism. Traditionally, it’s been used to stimulate appetite and bile production for better digestion. In horses, feeding a handful of fresh dandelion greens or ~20–30 grams of dried leaf daily can help increase bile and digestive juices, aiding digestion and liver function. Its diuretic action also promotes kidney function while replenishing the potassium lost in urine, thanks to the plant’s high potassium levels. This makes dandelion useful for horses on high-protein diets or those prone to edema. Most horses readily eat dandelion (they often seek it out while grazing). Just be sure any dandelions fed are chemical-free, and remember that dandelion is quite safe – it can be used long-term to support digestive and organ health.
Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica) – Nettle appears again here because it is one of the best herbs for all-around nutritional support, which in turn benefits hooves and hair. Nettle leaves are naturally rich in minerals like silica, sulfur, zinc, and iron, plus vitamins A and C. These nutrients are the building blocks of strong keratin structures – hoof horn and hair. Silica, for example, helps strengthen connective tissue in the hoof wall. Nettle is essentially a natural supplement for a shiny coat and resilient hooves: as an old saying goes, “Nettle in the feed, no horse will need the vet.” It’s also high in protein (up to 25% when dried) and chlorophyll, making it a great spring tonic when horses are shedding and growing new hoof. Traditionally, nettle has been used to combat anemia and “lack of condition” – and indeed, by providing iron and supporting circulation, it gives horses a healthy bloom. Horse owners often feed nettle to improve hoof growth, hoof quality, and coat dapples. Over a few months of nettle supplementation, many notice tougher hoof walls and a glossy haircoat. One reason is nettle’s blood-building effect: its iron and vitamin C content can stimulate red blood cell production and improve circulation, meaning nutrients are delivered more efficiently to the extremities (hooves). Nettle also “stimulates the emunctories” – in plain terms, it supports the liver and kidneys in cleansing the blood. Use dried nettle tops (fresh nettle will sting, but drying neutralizes the hairs). Dosage is generally 20–30 grams daily (around 1–2 ounces). You can sprinkle the dried herb into feed; it has a mild green, herbal taste that most horses accept. Because nettle is safe and nutritious, it can be given long-term as a dietary supplement. Just store it well to avoid mold, and ensure it’s from an unpolluted source (nettle readily absorbs soil minerals, which is great unless the soil has heavy metals or contaminants). With regular nettle, you’ll likely see your horse’s coat take on a deep sheen and their hooves grow with improved texture and growth rate.
Digestive Upset
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) – Chamomile is a gentle herb famous for calming upset stomachs and nerves. It contains apigenin, a flavonoid with anti-spasmodic and sedative effects, as well as bisabolol and chamazulene which reduce gastrointestinal inflammation. Traditionally, chamomile has been used to relieve indigestion, gas, and diarrhea in both humans and animals. In horses, it’s often given to anxious individuals who develop digestive issues when stressed, since it soothes intestinal spasms and inflammation associated with anxiety-induced diarrhea or gas. Horse owners typically feed dried chamomile blossoms – up to about half a cup per day for an adult horse, often divided into feedings, or brewed into a tea to pour over feed. Chamomile is very palatable to most horses and generally safe; however, as with any new feed, introduce it gradually and ensure the horse isn’t unusually sensitive (chamomile is related to ragweed, so a rare allergic reaction is possible).
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) – Thyme is an aromatic culinary herb that doubles as a medicinal carminative (digestive soother). It contains essential oils rich in thymol and carvacrol, compounds with strong antimicrobial and expectorant properties. Traditionally, thyme has been used to relieve gastrointestinal problems such as dyspepsia, colic, and bloating, as well as respiratory congestion. In horses, thyme can help reduce gas and cramping in the gut due to its anti-spasmodic and carminative actions. For example, thyme is sometimes added to feed for horses prone to mild colic or loose stool to settle their digestion. It also has an added benefit of supporting respiratory health (useful if a horse has a cough alongside digestive upset). Key active components like thymol not only calm muscle spasms but also act as natural antiseptics in the GI tract, potentially balancing gut flora. A typical equine dose is ~15–30 grams of dried thyme herb per day (around 1–2 tablespoons), often fed for a few weeks at a time. Most horses enjoy thyme’s pleasant aroma, but introduce it gradually. One precaution: because thyme’s volatile oils are potent, very large amounts could irritate mucous membranes, so stick to recommended doses and avoid feeding undiluted thyme essential oil.
Oregano (Origanum vulgare) – Oregano is another kitchen herb with significant medicinal kick. It contains high levels of carvacrol and thymol, which are potent antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal agents . In livestock studies, oregano essential oil has improved gut health by controlling harmful microbes and reducing inflammation. It can help promote a healthy balance of gut bacteria and improve appetite, especially during times of stress or after antibiotic treatments. Oregano also has expectorant properties that can soothe the respiratory tract – a nice bonus for horses with coughs – but its primary use in feed is to keep the digestive system robust. Traditionally used as a digestive aid and infection fighter, oregano brings both flavor and health benefits. You can mix a tablespoon or two of dried oregano into a horse’s grain ration a few times a week to act as a natural gut tonic. Start with smaller amounts (a teaspoon) to ensure the horse likes the taste, then increase to 1–2 tablespoons. Oregano is generally safe and well-tolerated; just use moderation. Avoid pouring straight oregano oil into feed – the concentrated oil is very strong and can irritate; the dried leaves or a dilute tincture are preferred.
Anti-Inflammation and Pain Relief
Horses, especially athletic or aging ones, often deal with inflammation and pain – from sore joints and tendons to laminitis or general stiffness. Several herbs contain natural anti-inflammatory compounds and analgesics that can complement conventional treatments. Willow bark, nettle, cornflower, and cleavers are notable examples that help reduce inflammation and support recovery.
Willow Bark (Salix alba) – White willow bark is famous as “Nature’s aspirin.” It contains salicin, which the body metabolizes into salicylic acid – the same active ingredient that inspired the drug aspirin . Historically, healers as far back as Hippocrates (400 BC) used willow bark to relieve pain and fever in humans, and it remains a go-to herb for aches and inflammation . In horses, willow bark is used as a natural alternative to bute (phenylbutazone) or other NSAIDs for managing musculoskeletal pain. It’s especially helpful for arthritis and laminitic pain, thanks to its prostaglandin-inhibiting, anti-inflammatory effects . For instance, willow can ease the occasional stiffness in a senior horse’s joints or soothe the pain of a hoof abscess. One study notes that equine sport organizations monitor salicylic acid levels because many plants (like willow) can raise them , underscoring willow’s potency. A typical dosage is around 10–20 grams of dried willow bark powder (or 1–2 tablespoons) in feed daily, or an equivalent tincture as directed by an herbalist. It’s often given in short courses when a horse is sore. Precautions: Because it acts similarly to aspirin, willow bark should not be combined with other NSAIDs, and it may irritate the stomach if used long-term. Avoid giving it to horses with known ulcers or bleeding tendencies. Also note that salicylic acid from willow can trigger drug tests, so competition horses should discontinue it well in advance.
Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica) – Nettle leaf is a nutritional powerhouse and a reputed anti-inflammatory “blood tonic.” It’s packed with flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals – including iron, silicon, manganese, calcium, and vitamin C – which contribute to its health effects. Traditionally, nettles have been used for ailments like arthritis, eczema, and allergies; herbal texts classify nettle as antirheumatic (eases joint pain), antiallergic, and depurative (blood-cleansing). For horses with inflammatory conditions such as arthritis or itchy, allergic skin, nettle can be very beneficial. Quercetin in nettle acts as a natural antihistamine, which may help horses with seasonal allergies (like sweet itch or hives) by reducing histamine-related inflammation. Additionally, nettle’s anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties are thought to help flush out metabolic waste that can contribute to joint inflammation. Over time, owners often report a reduction in stiffness and an improvement in coat condition as a bonus. Nettle is quite safe; just make sure to use dried or wilted form (horses avoid eating fresh stinging nettles unless they’ve dried). Because nettle is diuretic, ensure your horse has plenty of water. Also, if your horse is on any blood-thinning medication, consult your vet, as nettle (with its vitamin K and coumarin content) might have mild blood-thinning effects, though this is rarely an issue in normal feeding amounts.
Cleavers (Galium aparine) – Cleavers (also known as “clivers” or goosegrass) is a clingy hedgerow plant renowned as a lymphatic tonic. In traditional medicine, cleavers has been used to “clean the lymph and blood,” aiding conditions like swollen glands, edema, and urinary inflammation. Key compounds in cleavers include phenolic acids, tannins, and iridoid glycosides, which likely contribute to its diuretic and anti-inflammatory effects. For horses, cleavers is especially valued when dealing with any sort of stocking up (filled legs), puffy lymph nodes, or edema. It “tones” and supports the lymphatic system, encouraging the drainage of excess fluids and waste products. For example, a horse on stall rest with swelling in the legs might benefit from a daily cleavers supplement to reduce that fluid buildup. Cleavers also supports the urinary tract – it’s a mild diuretic that can help flush the kidneys and bladder, useful for horses prone to urinary gravel or infections. Typically, dried cleavers herb is fed at about 20–30 grams per day (roughly a heaping handful of the dried herb) . It’s often given in the spring or during a detox regimen, but can be used whenever lymph support is needed. Horses usually find cleavers palatable, especially when mixed into a damp feed mash. Ensure ample water is available because of its diuretic action. Cleavers is very safe; there are no specific cautions aside from standard good practices (don’t harvest it from sprayed or polluted areas, and introduce it gradually). By helping the horse eliminate metabolic wastes and reduce stagnation in tissues, cleavers indirectly fights inflammation – a “cleaner” system recovers faster. This humble clinging herb truly shines in supporting horses’ natural healing and drainage processes, making it a favorite for conditions like cellulitis, filled legs, and general post-illness convalescence.
(Herbal Tip: In cases of injury or chronic inflammation, consider combining herbs – for example, a blend of willow bark for pain, nettle for nutrients and allergy relief, and cleavers for lymphatic drainage – to cover multiple aspects of healing. Always do this with professional guidance. And remember, severe injuries or lameness require veterinary attention; herbs can assist recovery, but they aren’t a replacement for proper medical care.)
Calming and Anxiety Relief
Horses can experience stress and anxiety just like people – whether it’s a nervous temperament, tension during training, or hormonal mood swings in mares. Rather than reaching straight for pharmaceutical sedatives, many horse owners turn to herbs with calming and nervine properties. Two popular calming herbs for horses are raspberry leaf and chamomile, which help take the edge off in a natural way.
Raspberry Leaf (Rubus idaeus) – Raspberry leaf is well known as a hormone-balancing herb, traditionally used in women for menstrual cramps and pregnancy support since at least the 6th century. It contains tannins and fragarine, which have a toning effect on smooth muscle (like the uterus and digestive tract) and may help regulate mood and cramps . In the equine world, raspberry leaf has become famous as the go-to herb for “moody mares.” It is commonly fed to mares to support normal hormone levels and temperamental behavior, especially during estrus (heat cycles) . By helping tone the uterus and possibly easing cramping discomfort, raspberry leaf can make mares more comfortable and thus calmer during their cycle. Even geldings and stallions can benefit – it’s not a sedative per se, but has a gentle soothing effect on nervous tension. Owners often report that horses on raspberry leaf are less reactive or irritable. For example, a mare that used to pin her ears and swish her tail when brushed along the flanks (due to hormone-related sensitivity) became noticeably more agreeable after a few weeks on raspberry leaf. The typical amount is about 1/4 to 1/2 cup of dried raspberry leaf (roughly 10–20 grams) per day mixed into feed. This herb tastes mild (a bit like green tea), and most horses eat it without fuss. It can be given long-term. Precautions: Raspberry leaf is quite safe; however, if your mare is in foal, it’s wise to use it only in late pregnancy if at all (as traditionally it was given in the last trimester to tone the uterus for foaling). Also, while many find it calming, individual responses vary – it’s a subtle effect, not a knockout sedative. Combine it with good management (adequate exercise, social time, etc.) for best results in calming anxious horses.
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) – We’ve already met chamomile as a digestive soother, but it wears a second hat as a gentle calming agent. Chamomile is often dubbed “the calming herb” in folk medicine. The same apigenin that helps relax intestinal spasms also binds to brain receptors in a way that promotes relaxation and stress relief (similar to how certain anti-anxiety medications work, but far milder) . In humans, chamomile tea is a famous bedtime brew for insomnia and anxiety, and similarly, in horses chamomile can take the nervous edge off. It is classified as a nervine – an herb that soothes the nervous system . Chamomile won’t knock a horse out or dramatically change their personality, but it can help a tense, fretful animal become more composed. You might use it for a “hot” horse who frets when separated from buddies, a youngster learning to trailer, or any horse under stress (travel, changes in routine, etc.). It’s also wonderful for horses that internalize stress and get gut troubles (since chamomile addresses both the mind and the gut). Feed up to ½ cup of dried chamomile flowers per day to a large horse (half that for ponies), or brew a strong chamomile tea and add it to the feed. Many horse owners notice their horses actually enjoying the taste and calming ritual of eating chamomile; one owner described her anxious Thoroughbred gelding munching his chamomile and then sighing deeply as he relaxed. Because chamomile is rich in calcium and magnesium too, it has a mild muscle-relaxant effect which can relieve tension. Precautions: Chamomile is very safe for most horses. Rarely, a horse with ragweed allergy might react to chamomile (since they’re in the same family), so monitor for any signs of nasal congestion or itching when first feeding it – such reactions are uncommon. Also, chamomile’s blood-thinning coumarin compounds are very minimal, but if your horse is due for surgery or has a bleeding disorder, be cautious or pause its use. Otherwise, chamomile is gentle enough even for sensitive foals (in small amounts) and can be used as needed or daily. It pairs nicely with other calming strategies and doesn’t cause drowsiness in a way that impairs function – your horse will still be alert, just a bit more zen.
Other calming herbs sometimes used for horses include valerian root, lavender, and passionflower, but note that valerian (a strong sedative herb) is forbidden in competition settings. In contrast, chamomile and raspberry leaf are generally competition-safe (always double-check current rules). These herbs offer a natural way to support your horse’s mental well-being, but remember that good training and management are key to a truly calm horse.
Hoof, Coat, and Circulation Health
Healthy hooves and a shiny coat are signs of a thriving horse. Nutrition and circulation play big roles in hoof growth and skin condition, and a few herbs can give a natural boost in these areas. Nettle and rosemary are standouts for improving circulation and providing trace nutrients that feed the hooves and coat, while dandelion also contributes by supporting the organs that fuel hoof health.
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) – Rosemary is an aromatic herb known for improving memory and circulation in humans, and it offers similar circulatory benefits to horses. It contains potent antioxidant compounds (like rosmarinic acid and carnosol) that strengthen capillaries and are anti-inflammatory. By enhancing peripheral blood flow, rosemary can help ensure the tiny blood vessels in the hoof and skin deliver ample nutrients. In fact, rosemary is included in some equine hoof supplements specifically to improve hoof circulation – better circulation means better growth and healing in the hoof. Traditionally, rosemary was rubbed onto limbs as a stimulant for circulation and used in washes for coat health (it repels insects and adds shine). Internally, a few rosemary leaves in the diet can act as a tonic. Rosemary is also quite high in certain vitamins (A, C) and minerals and has digestive benefits (it’s a carminative) which indirectly support overall health. In horses, you might use rosemary in a couple of ways: externally as a rinse or liniment, and internally in small amounts to aid circulation and antioxidant status. For example, after hard workouts, a cooled tea of rosemary can be sponged onto the legs to invigorate blood flow. For feeding, dried rosemary can be given at about 5–10 grams per day (1–2 teaspoons of the cut herb). It’s quite strong in flavor, so not all horses love it, but you can hide it in feed or use a rosemary-infused oil drizzled lightly. Its antimicrobial properties also promote a healthy gut when ingested. Caution: Do not feed rosemary to pregnant mares, as it may stimulate uterine contractions. Also, large doses are unnecessary – rosemary is effective in small quantities. With sensible use, rosemary “puts warmth in the blood.” Over time, you may observe stronger growth rings in the hooves and a more robust hoof wall, as well as a healthier skin and coat (some horse owners swear their horses shine more when on a bit of rosemary).
Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) – We mentioned dandelion under digestion, but it deserves a note here too for its role in detoxification and metabolic support, which ultimately reflects in hoof and coat quality. Dandelion is a prime liver tonic; by helping the liver process toxins and nutrients more efficiently, it sets the stage for healthy hooves. It also provides a good dose of copper, iron, and silicon – important trace elements for hoof and hair. Many herbal hoof remedies include dandelion because a sluggish liver or buildup of toxins can contribute to dull coats and brittle hooves. Its diuretic action reduces fluid buildup, which can be beneficial in laminitic or horses with puffy limbs. Dandelion is often called the plant for “lazy livers” a healthy liver is crucial for hoof health, as seen in conditions like laminitis where supporting the liver and endocrine system is part of holistic care. You might feed dandelion leaf or root to a horse with laminitic tendencies or on rich pasture, to support their system. You’ll likely notice that as your horse’s internal health improves (better digestion, better liver function), their coat gets glossier and their hooves grow stronger from the inside out.
In summary, hoof and coat conditions often mirror internal well-being. Herbs like nettle and dandelion provide the nutritional boost and organ support underlying healthy growth, while rosemary improves the circulatory delivery of those nutrients to peripheral tissues. Together, they help your horse put his best foot forward – quite literally – with durable hooves and a coat that gleams.
Conclusion
Integrating herbs into your horse care routine can be a rewarding way to support your equine friend’s health and well-being. As we’ve seen, scientific research is gradually affirming what traditional herbalists long suspected: many herbs contain active compounds that can soothe, strengthen, and heal – from salicin in willow bark easing aches to thymol in thyme clearing airways and calming tummies. When used thoughtfully, herbs can enhance digestion, reduce inflammation, calm frazzled nerves, and contribute to shiny coats and solid hooves, all while working in synergy with the horse’s body. They are not magic bullets or replacements for veterinary medicine, but rather gentle boosters that can improve quality of life and perhaps reduce the need for harsher interventions. An anxious horse might become more centered with chamomile in his feed; a stiff senior may move more freely with a bit of willow and nettle; a broodmare could stay more balanced in mood with raspberry leaf.
Before you start tossing herbs into the feed bucket, keep a few practical tips in mind:
Introduce one herb at a time, in small amounts, to monitor your horse’s response. Horses often know what they need and may readily eat the herbs that benefit them – but occasionally, a horse might dislike a taste or have an idiosyncratic reaction, so go slow and observe.
Use high-quality, horse-safe herbs from reputable suppliers. The herb should be correctly identified, free of contaminants, and preferably organic. Horses are large animals, but they’re also sensitive; purity matters. (Avoid picking wild herbs unless you’re knowledgeable, as misidentification or pollutants could spell trouble.)
Mind the dosage and duration. More is not always better with herbs. Follow guidelines from experienced equine herbalists (like those mentioned in this article) or consult an equine nutritionist/herbalist for a tailored plan. Some herbs are suitable for long-term use (e.g., nettle, raspberry leaf), while others are best for short periods or specific issues (e.g., willow bark during a flare-up).
Watch for interactions. Herbs can interact with medications. For instance, willow should not be used with other NSAIDs, and an herb rich in vitamin K (like some nettles) might interfere with blood-thinners. If your horse is on any medication, double-check with your vet before adding herbs to the mix.
Competition rules: If you compete, ensure any herb you feed is allowed. Substances like salicylic acid (from willow) or valerian are prohibited in many competitions. Even chamomile has trace natural coumarins that could theoretically show up on a test. When in doubt, pause herbal supplements well before a show or use only herbs known to be competition-safe.
Using herbs with your horse is as much art as science. Pay attention to your horse’s feedback – their energy, coat, appetite, attitude, and performance are all indicators of how an herbal regimen is working. Many owners find that, over time, their “herbal pantry” becomes as important as the feed bin, providing natural tools for common issues and preventive care. Whether it’s a scoop of chamomile to ease a stressful day or a sprinkle of nettle for overall vitality, these plant allies can truly enhance our horses’ lives.
In embracing herbal solutions, we are also reconnecting with a long tradition of holistic horse care. It fosters a deeper understanding of our horses’ needs and how to support them in gentle, sustainable ways. With proper knowledge and care, herbs can be a powerful addition to the modern horse owner’s toolkit, keeping our equine partners healthier and happier – naturally.
Additional resources:
Traditional and historical uses of herbs for horses and other animals (The Curious History of Herbs and Plants as Medicines - David Ramey, DVM) (The potential health effects of raspberry leaf in the maternal diet | Committee on Toxicity)
Equine herbal medicine applications and safety considerations (Herbal Supplements for Horses - Kentucky Equine Research) (Herbal Supplements for Horses - Kentucky Equine Research)
Digestive health: Chamomile’s anti-spasmodic and calming compounds (Calm Down! Part 3 - Central Georgia Equine Services) (Taking the Edge Off: Calming Supplements for Horses – The Horse); Dandelion’s liver and diuretic support (Dandelion, a detoxifier for horses - Equine Phytotherapy) (Dandelion, a detoxifier for horses - Equine Phytotherapy); Thyme and oregano’s essential oils for respiratory and gut health (Herbs for horses) (Oregano | Equitatio - Holistic Accredited Consultancy) ( Thymol and Thyme Essential Oil—New Insights into Selected Therapeutic Applications - PMC )
Anti-inflammation: Willow bark’s salicin for pain relief (White Willow Bark | VCA Animal Hospitals ) (Prescribing Bute (NSAIDS) For Horses - Mid-Rivers Equine Centre); Nettle’s anti-arthritic and anti-allergy actions (Herbs for horses); Cornflower’s anti-inflammatory and astringent uses for eyes/skin (Cornflower Petals [Herb] [Organic] | Family Tea); Cleavers’ lymphatic and urinary support in horses (supplement horse cleaver - HorseFlex) (Cleaver & Marigold Horse Supplement | PBS Animal Health)
Calming: Raspberry leaf for mood and hormonal balance in mares (Smart & Simple Raspberry Leaf (SmarkPak) - Equine Nutrition Analysis | Feed Bank); Chamomile’s nervine (sedative) effects via apigenin (Taking the Edge Off: Calming Supplements for Horses – The Horse) and traditional calming use in equines (Calm Down! Part 3 - Central Georgia Equine Services)
Hoof & coat: Nettle’s rich nutrient profile (iron, silica, etc.) for coat/hoof quality (Nettles for horses - Equine Phytotherapy); Rosemary’s circulatory and antioxidant benefits (Country Park Rosemary Leaf – The Equine Apothecary) (Rosemary for horses - HorseFlex); Dandelion’s role as a detoxifier and source of minerals for hoof health (Dandelions | Horses | Equine Supplements - Brinicombe Equine) (Dandelion, a detoxifier for horses - Equine Phytotherapy).
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